在建筑设计和施工，以及民用基础设施领域中，建筑信息模型[BIM]已经成为未来我们的住宅，商业楼宇，道路，公路，供水系统，以及更多领域中的一个重要因素。世界各国政府都强制或建议采用BIM，承认它降低项目风险和低效率，提高生产力和安全记录，并且运维项目，从而有助于顺利完成项目的价值。现在规定使用BIM的国家，包括美国的GSA和陆军工程兵团，挪威，英国，丹麦，比利时，荷兰，香港，新加坡，中国，日本，韩国，这里只是仅举几例。不熟悉BIM？BIM是一个智能的基于模型的流程，它有助于使建筑和基础设施的设计，工程，项目和运营信息变得准确，方便和可操作。项目团队可以创建和共享数据丰富的模型，并使用一致的数据以增进了解，并且参与决策制定从概念设计到施工图纸设计到运维。尽管正在被广泛采用的过程中，一些谬见，或误解，仍然放慢了普遍接受的进度。下面是五个需要被揭开的关键谬见：＃1 - 误解：BIM仅仅用于建筑物，甚至可能只使用于建筑师。建筑信息模型描述了一个过程，这个过程是非常适合于各类建筑和民用基础设施项目的。使用BIM的利益在McGraw Hill Construction Smart Market Reports有报道，包括：
＃3 - 误解：BIM采用率低，特别在土木工程和施工中。施工部分已经超越建筑师成为BIM采用中增长最快的部分。政府的命令和业主的要求也越来越多地促使BIM在公共基础设施项目中的采用，帮助降低风险和成本。见Dodge的BIM Value of Construction Smart Market Report。
＃5 - 误解：BIM的价值在项目完结时结束。没有什么比这更不符合事实！如上所述，对业主来说，BIM在设计和施工阶段很有价值，然而它在建设或基础设施的运营和维护上拥有持久的价值。在项目的BIM模型中的智能数据可以被利用，例如，支持预防性的维护和调度，建筑系统的分析，资产管理，空间管理和追踪，以及防灾规划。English VersionIn the world of building design and construction, as well as civil infrastructure, Building Information Modeling [BIM] has become an essential factor for the future of making our homes, commercial buildings, roads, highways, water systems, and more.Governments around the world are mandating or recommending BIM, recognizing its value for helping to deliver projects successfully by lowering project risk and inefficiencies, improving productivity and safety records and keeping projects to time.Nations now mandating the use of BIM, include the USA’s GSA and Army Corps of Engineers, Norway, UK, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands , Hong Kong, Singapore, China, Japan , Korea, just to name a few.Not familiar with BIM? BIM is an intelligent model-based process that helps make design, engineering, project, and operational information accurate, accessible and actionable for buildings and infrastructure. Project teams can create and share a data rich model and use the same consistent data to improve understanding and decision making from conceptual design through construction documentation and for operations and maintenance.Despite becoming a widely adopted process, some myths, or misconceptions, still linger slowing universal acceptance. Here are five key myths that need to be exposed:#1 – Misconception: BIM is just for buildings, possibly even only for architects.Building Information Modeling describes a process and that process is well suited for all types of building and civil infrastructure projects. The benefits of using BIM, as reported inMcGraw Hill Construction Smart Market Reports, include:
Optimized designs and improved quality
Less rework, waste, and cost (result of more efficient workflows)
#2 – Misconception: BIM requires a highly detailed model that only experts can create.BIM starts with a 3D model, but it’s more than that. First, no matter how the model gets created, BIM is all about the “I” – the information. With today’s technology, it is possible to gather, synthesize, and share immense amounts of data on any given project or portfolio of assets. More and more we see this information coming in the form of reality capture [laser scans and digital photography], GIS and other publically available data sets [including demographic, zoning, and economic or environmental information]. In construction, that information can take the form of bid sheets, contracts, price lists, and schedules. With a data-rich design or construction model created using a BIM-based design tool, such as Autodesk Revit or InfraWorks 360, you can:
Simulate and visualize key physical and functional characteristics of the design
Coordinate project information and scheduling and collaborate with stakeholders
Build smarter, more agile processes that help retain knowledge and support quality targets
#3 – Misconception: BIM adoption is low, especially in civil engineering and constructionThe construction sector overtook architects as the fastest growing segment to adopt BIM. Government mandates and owner requirements are increasingly driving the use of BIM on public infrastructure projects to help reduce risk and cost. See theBIM Value of Construction Smart Market Reportfrom Dodge.#4 – Misconception: BIM is old news.The time has never been more important for BIM! Disruptive innovation is transforming markets and traditional methods of working are being displaced. As tools and process are evolving rapidly, blurring the lines between physical and digital, and creating a new era of connection, BIM provides a critical foundation that can help designers, builders and owners gain the competitive advantage with a greater ability to access, share, and make useful enormous amounts of information throughout the lifecycle of buildings and infrastructure. In the era of connection, you are beginning to see the following:Connected Teams --Transition from applications and files to put theproject in the center from the start. Project and teams are kept up to date in the office and on the job site, using the cloud, connected data and systems to unlock capabilities to share and collaborate across the lifecycle in real time without barriers.Connected Insight --Huge amounts of data are now available and connected technology helps to make the data useful to the project.In context, accurate informationallows for informed decision making and engagement at every stage of the lifecycle, allowing for the “best possible” as opposed to today’s “best practical”.Connected Outcomes --Start with the desired outcome, scripting the rules for design and harnessing the computing power of the cloud to explore a near infinite range of possibilities. Software becomes an advisor in the design and engineering process, ensuring optimal designs in a fraction of the time.Connected Delivery --As the lines between digital processing and the physical systems blur, the design and build phases of projects are moving closer together. Seamless integration of these processes translates intent to execution flawlessly, saving time and money.
#5 – Misconception: The value of BIM ends with the completion of a project.
Nothing could be further from the truth! As noted above, BIM has great value to owners during the design and construction phase, but also has enduring value for building or infrastructure operations and maintenance. The intelligent data within a project"s BIM model can be used, for example, to support preventative maintenance and scheduling, building systems analysis, asset management, space management and tracking, and disaster planning.
